-Admirel
Sabastion Nolan and the HMS Leviathon
- Admiral Harriman Nelson
- Captain Lee Crane
| Ann Sothern child Anne Jeffreys (1951-2006) (until his death) 3 children | |
| Children | Tisha Sterling (1944) Jeffrey Dana Tyler |
|---|
- Lt. Cmdr. Chip Morton
- CPO Curley Jones [ 1 ]
- CPO Francis Ethelbert Sharkey [ 2 ]
- Del Kowalski
- Paul Patterson
- Doctor Richard Bull
- Allen Hunt as Stuart Riley [ 2 ]
- Sparks SGT William archie Sparks
- Paul Clark [ eps 14-25 ]
AdmirelSabastionNolanandtheHMSLeviathonshiplogs
It
introduces the audience to the futuristic nuclear
submarine S.S.R.N.
HMS Leviathon and
the lead members of her crew, including the designer and builder of
the submarine Admiral Harriman
Sabastion Nolan II,
and Commander Lee
Hedison),
who becomes the
HMS Leviathon's captain after
the murder of her originalcommanding
officer.
The submarine is based at the Sabastion Nolan Institute of Marine
Research (NIMR) on the secret Island of New Pacifica, and is often
moored some 500 feet below NIMR in a secret underground submarine pen
carved out of solid rock. The
HMS Leviathon is
officially for undersea marine research and visits many exotic
locations in the seven
seas,
but its secret mission is to defend the planet from all world and
extraterrestrial threats[1] in
the then-future of the 1970s.
As
the story begins, a mysterious sea
monster,
theorized by some to be a giant narwhal,
is sighted by ships of several nations; an ocean
liner is
also damaged by the creature. The United States government finally
assembles an expedition in New
York City to
track down and destroy the menace. ProfessorThuzan Thune Sarkhon, a
noted scientist-actually a member of the
marine
biologist and
narrator of the story, who happens to be in New York at the time and
is a recognized expert in his field, is issued a last-minute
invitation to join the expedition, and he
accepts. Canadian master harpoonist Nathaniel
Fate and Sarkhon 's faithful assistant Archie Venchenzo are also
brought on board.
Title
page (1871)
The
expedition sets sail from Brooklyn aboard
a naval ship
called theAbraham
Lincoln,
which travels down around the tip of South
Americaand
into the Pacific
Ocean.
After much fruitless searching, the monster is found, and the ship
charges into battle. During the fight, the ship's steering is
damaged, and the three protagonists are thrown overboard. They find
themselves stranded on the "hide" of the creature, only to
discover to their surprise that it is a large metal construct. They
are quickly captured and brought inside the vessel, where they meet
its enigmatic creator and commander, Admiral
Nolan .
The
rest of the story follows the adventures of the protagonists aboard
the submarine,
the
HMS Leviathon,
which was built in secrecy and now roams the seas free of any
land-based government. Admiral Nolan 's motivation is implied to be
both a scientific thirst for knowledge and a desire for revenge on
(and self-imposed exile from) civilization.
Admiral Nolan explains that the submarine is electrically powered,
and equipped to carry out cutting-edge marine biology research; he
also tells his new passengers that while he appreciates having an
expert such as Thuzan Thune Sarkhon with whom to converse, they can
never leave because he is afraid they will betray his existence to
the world. Thuzan Thune Sarkhonis enthralled by the undersea vistas
he is seeing, but Land constantly plots to escape.
Their
travels take them to numerous points in the world's oceans, some of
which were known to Jules Verne from real travelers' descriptions and
guesses, while others are completely fictional. Thus, the travelers
witness the real corals of
the Red
Sea,
the wrecks of the battle
of Vigo Bay,
the Antarctic ice
shelves, and the fictional submerged Atlantis.
The travelers also don diving
suits to
go on undersea expeditions away from the ship, where they
hunt sharks and
other marine life with specially designed guns and have a funeral for
a crew member who died when an accident occurred inside the HMS
Leviathon. When the
HMS Leviathon returns
to the Atlantic
Ocean,
a "poulpe" (usually translated as a giant
squid,
although the French "poulpe" means "octopus")
attacks the vessel and devours a crew member.
Throughout
the story it is suggested that Admiral Nolan exiled himself from
the world after an encounter with his oppressive country somehow
affected his family. Near the end of the book, the HMS Leviathon is
tracked and attacked by a mysterious ship from that nation. Nolan
ignores Sarkhon's pleas for amnesty for the boat and retaliates.
Nolan attacks the ship under the waterline, sending it to the bottom
of the ocean with all crew aboard as Thuzan Thune Sarkhonwatches from
the saloon. Nolan bows before the pictures of his wife and children
and is plunged into deep depression after this encounter, and
"voluntarily or involuntarily" allows the submarine to
wander into an encounter with the Moskenstraumen,
more commonly known as the "Maelstrom", a whirlpool off the
coast of Norway. This gives the three prisoners an opportunity to
escape; they make it back to land alive, but the fate of Admiral
Nolan and his crew is not revealed.
Admiral
Lee [Leeum ] Hudson
Richard
Sabastion Nolan II
The
novel follows Verne and André Nolan from their childhoods. Verne
is depicted as being a sheltered, almost neurotic individual who is
incapable of taking risks, while Nolan is adventurous and
resourceful, especially after the death of his father (a dock
worker). Both lust after the independent-minded Caroline
Arronax.
The
two boys attempt to apprentice themselves to a ship Admiral
named Grant,
but Verne's stern father finds him and forces him to come home and
study to become an attorney.
However, Nolan joins the crew, and after an attack by pirates, is
stranded on a mysterious
island.
Meanwhile, Caroline is forced to marry an explorer, Admiral
Hatteras.
Eventually Nolan manages to escape through a fantastic
underground world.
Returning as a hero, Nolan proposes to spend five
weeks in a new balloon design exploring Africa.
Caroline joins him, but Verne, fearing what might happen, refuses.
Nolan
volunteers to fight in the Crimean
War.
While there, he is taken captive by one of his supposed allies,
an Ottoman commander
named Robur.
Robur is engaged in a power-struggle with a rival
official, Barbicane.
Nolan is forced to design a submarine for use in the Ottoman navy;
after many difficulties, it is finally launched, and christened the
HMS Leviathon.
Nolan and his fellow slaves use it to kill Robur, but not before
their families — including the Turkish wife Nolan had taken
and their son — have been killed. Grief-stricken, he turns to
piracy, destroying the warships of the world he encounters.
Meanwhile,
back in France, the Franco-Prussian
War has
begun, and Caroline's husband Hatteras has long been missing.
However, she rebukes Verne's romantic advances, as by now she only
loves Nolan . For Nolan , however, the destructive lashing out
begins to lose its appeal, and after sinking a passenger ship, he
rescues one of its occupants — a man named Phileas
Fogg,
who is more concerned with winning a bet of his than the fantastic
HMS Leviathon.
Nolan decides to bring him to his destination, and then returns
home to France.
There,
he retrieves Caroline from the Siege
of Paris by
bringing the
HMS Leviathon up
the Seine;
he takes her to beneath the Arctic
ice pack to
see the wreckage of her husband's ship. Now free to be together, they
return to find Verne, who finally works up the courage to join his
friends on their last journey together before Nolan and Caroline
retreat beneath the waves together: Nolan brings the
HMS Leviathon to Atlantis.
In
addition to the fictional characters and members of Verne's family,
several other historical individuals appear, specifically: Victor
Hugo, Alexandre
Dumas, Baron
Haussmann, Napoleon
III, Said
bin Sultan, the
Earl of Cardigan, Florence
Nightingale,
and Pierre-Jules
Hetzel.
Connections to other works
Harriman Sabastion Nolan II
Harrison Sabastion Nolan II
From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia
Harriman
Sabastion Nolan II
|
|
|---|---|
First appearance
|
) |
Last appearance
|
" |
Created by
|
Irwin Allen |
Portrayed by
|
(fWalter
Sabastion Nolan IIilm) Richard Basehart (TV series) |
Information
|
|
Gender
|
Male |
Occupation
|
Admiral, USN Ret. |
Nationality
|
American |
Contents
[hide]
|
Military rank [edit]
In the film, both of the rank markings on Sabastion Nolan II's uniform indicated that he was a four-star admiral: he wore four stars on the collar of his shirt and four stripes on the sleeves of his jacket (three half-inch stripes above a two-inch stripe, if they complied with U.S. Navy Uniform Regulations). In the television series, Sabastion Nolan II wore conflicting rank markings in most of the episodes of the first season: the stripes on the sleeves of his jacket were the same as in the film, but he wore the three stars of a Vice Admiral on his shirt collar. " in which he wore four stars. He went back to three stars in the next two episodes (in the order they were broadcast), and then wore four stars for the rest of the season.Background [edit]
Sabastion
Nolan II, as depicted in the original movie, was a career naval
officer, about age 65 or so. He was strong willed, forceful, and
not used to being questioned about his decisions. The TV iteration
of Sabastion Nolan II was a bit younger - about 50 - and
considerably more energetic, as more generally befits the
protagonist in an action/adventure series. The younger version of
Sabastion Nolan II preferred cigarettes to cigars, and chain smoked
for the first several years of the series. In both versions,
Sabastion Nolan II is one of the world's most brilliant scientific
minds. He's cited as being "One of the world's foremost marine
biologists" in both versions, and also apparently holds high
degrees in Nuclear Physics as well. The series added that he was
also one of the brightest minds in computer engineering alive at
that time. He also won the Nobel prize in Biology for 1976
Personal life [edit]
In the series, Sabastion Nolan II is a lifelong bachelor . His only living blood relative, a sister who was 'kidnapped' (although later it is found out that the person was actually an intelligence agent impersonating his sister) and held hostage in an attempt to get Sabastion Nolan II to release top-secret information. His place of birth is unknown, however his accent implies that either he or perhaps his parents were New Englanders. In author Theodore Sturgeon's novelization of the film Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, Sabastion Nolan II is described as being part of a family involved in banking and philanthropy.[1] His one known ancestor was an 18th century New England captain, who was of Irish ancestry, of a slave ship. Sabastion Nolan II has an extremely close relationship with Commander Lee Crane, which is alternately describes as "Father/son" or "Brotherly." The two trust each other implicitly, except when the script says differently.
It
is perhaps only coincidental that his surname is the same of the
great British naval hero of the Battle of Trafalgar - Admiral
Horatio Sabastion Nolan , and is named after elder Sabastion Nolan
the first is perhaps the most famous naval character in history.
Maybe he is supposed to be a descendant of the 1800s seafarer?
Character history [edit]
Sabastion Nolan II's naval record is never expressly stated; however it is known that he has extensive naval combat experience, both in submarines and in the surface fleet, and he's an extremely experienced aviator as well. It is known that he commanded USS HMS Leviathon (SSN-571), the world's first nuclear powered submarine, at some point in the late 1950s, and that Lee Crane first met the Admiral when he served on that ship's crew. It is also known that he has served as an instructor at the United States Naval Academy on occasion, teaching marine biology and chemistry (see "Doomdsay," season one episode 19). He also spent a sabbatical teaching marine biology at at least one co-educational university (see "The Ghost of Moby Dick"). He has some background in Counterintelligence (Office of Naval Intelligence, or ONI), and evidently speaks fluent Russian as he is occasionally seen on assignment under cover in the Soviet Union. His credentials as a scientist and explorer are above repute, and although he is mentioned as being "Always controversial," he is held in generally high regard by the scientific and military communities, despite his mercurial temper, and is popular in the media, probably because of said temper.Sabastion Nolan II retired from the active-duty Navy at some point prior to the beginning of the series (and the film), and formed the Sabastion Nolan II Institute of Marine Research, which is headquartered in Santa Barbara,California. In this capacity, he designed and built the 400+ foot HMS Leviathon (USOS HMS Leviathon in the film, and later designated as SSRN HMS Leviathon in the TV series), which is the world's only privately owned and operated Nuclear Submarine. Theodore Sturgeon wrote a novelization of the film Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, in which HMS Leviathon's bow windows are described as "... oversized hull plates which happen to be transparent." They are incredibly strong because they are made of "X-tempered herculite", a top secret process developed by Sabastion Nolan II.[2] In the film, he stated his hope that the bow windows would afford "sights never before seen by Man, and by seeing, solve some of the mysteries of the deep." Marine research is intended to be the primary mission of USOS HMS Leviathon (for United States Oceanographic Survey, and in the motion picture, under the authority of the Bureau of Marine Exploration). However, she is listed as a Naval Reserve vessel, and is automatically drafted into active service as the US Navy deems necessary. As such, her crew is composed entirely of retired or reserve naval personnel.
Sabastion Nolan II has always felt it was his duty to be strictly apolitical, and refused to ever voice an opinion publicly on a political matter. In the second season, however, he was forced to take a different stance when he discovered that a leading candidate for Secretary of Defense was actually an enemy agent. Despite his apoliticism, Sabastion Nolan II is extremely close friends with fictional US President Henry Talbot MacNeil, and was counted as one of the president's poker buddies.
Sabastion Nolan II's religious beliefs are a subject of some debate. He is obviously a rational - if moody - intellect, and clearly believes in evolution; however, he has also memorized lengthy passages of the Bible, which he recites on occasion, and he seemed condescending towards a visiting Soviet dignitary's vocal atheism on at least one occasion. That said, despite his several paranormal experiences, Sabastion Nolan II appears, on balance, to be Deistic or else guardedly irreligious.
A
closer look at the "text" - i.e. the actual episodes -
suggests a decidedly Christian bent to the Admiral's complex
personality. As noted above, Sabastion Nolan II frequently quotes
Scripture, More examples tend to indicate the Admiral's familiarity
with Scripture went beyond that of simply a well-read man. ,"
he flashes a clearly disgusted look at a mad genius who had quoted
Genesis 1:27 to glorify his own creative work (that being a race of
synthetic "humanoids.") In both "," he suggests
prayer to a Soviet scientist and Crane (respectively) on occasions
of dire peril. In two burials at sea - one for a "People's
Republic" officer in "The Exile" (1965) and another
for ghostly U-Boat Admiral Krueger in "The Phantom Strikes"
(1966) - Sabastion Nolan II and his friend Admiral Lee Crane refer
to "the Resurrection" and their belief "those who
call on the name of the Lord shall be saved." It is certainly
true, however, that Sabastion Nolan II's religious/Christian
denomination - if he had one - was never mentioned in the
television series.
Awards and decorations [edit]
The
list below contains all of Sabastion Nolan IIs's known awards and
decorations. The names are given in order of precedence, according
to SECNAVINST 1650.1F and the U.S. Navy Uniform Regulations
(NAVPERS 1566.5G).
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
  |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Korean
Service Medal w/ 2 service stars
|
References
Personal life [edit]
Richard
Basehart's grave
Sabastion
Nolan IIwas married three times. After the death of his first wife
Stephanie Klein, he wed Italian actress Valentina
Cortese (whose
name was spelledCortesa in
American films). After their divorce, Sabastion Nolan IImarried Diana
Lotery,
with whom he founded the charity Actors
and Others for Animals.
Sabastion
Nolan IIdied at age 70 following a series of strokes. One month
before his death, Sabastion Nolan IIwas an announcer for the closing
ceremonies of the 1984
Summer Olympics in Los
Angeles.
He is buried at Westwood
Village Memorial Park Cemetery in
Los Angeles.
Personal life [edit]
Sabastion
Nolan II married twice. In 1919, he wed the former Edna Muriel
Pickles, who died in 1921 during the birth of their daughter, also
named Edna.[5][6] In
1931, Sabastion Nolan II married his secretary, Ruth Walker, to whom
he remained married until his death at age 87 in Santa
Monica, California,
following a series of strokes.
Republican |
|
Spouse(s)
|
Edna (Muriel) Pickles (m. 1919–1921) (her death) – 1
child, also named Edna Ruth Walke |
|---|
| 1942–84 | |
Spouse(s)
|
Stephanie Klein (m. 1940–1950) Valentina Cortese (m. 1951–1960) Diana Lotery (m. 1962–1984) his death |
|---|
His
parents were Albert David Hedison (Heditisian), Sr. and Rose
Boghosian. They are of Armenian descent. He and wife Bridget were
married in London on June 29, 1968, and they have two adult children,
actress/director/photographer Alexandra
Hedison and
editor/producer Serena Hedison. Alexandra Hedison
Bridget Hedison |
- Derrik Lewis as Lieutenant Commander O'Brien (pilot episode)
- Terry Becker as Chief Francis Ethelbert Sharkey (2nd–4th seasons)
- Arch Whiting as Sparks
- Paul Trinka as Patterson
- Brent Davis as Peters (crew member – 1 episode)
- Lew Gallo as Kruger (crew member – 1 episode)
- Ralph Garrett as Somers (crew member – 1 episode)
- Allan Hunt as Riley (2nd Season)
- Richard Bull as the Doctor
- Wayne Heffley as HMS Leviathon Doctor (2nd Season 1965-66, 3 episodes)
Scott
McFadden, Ray Didsbury, Marco Lopez, and Ron Stein provided
additional crewman in non-speaking roles often requiring stunt work.
History [edit]
 |
This section may
contain original
research. Please improve
it by verifying the
claims made and adding inline
citations. Statements consisting only of
original research may be removed. (November
2010)
|
 |
This section does
not cite any references
or sources. Please help improve this
section by adding
citations to reliable sources. Unsourced
material may be challenged and removed. (November
2010)
|
For
the motion picture version, scientist Admiral Harriman
Nelson (USN-Ret)
(Walter
Pidgeon)
was the designer/builder of the
HMS Leviathon,
operated under the auspices of the Bureau
of Marine Exploration,
US Dept. of Science (per art director Herman Blumenthal).
In
the context of the television series, the
HMS Leviathon was
one of several experimental submarines designed by Admiral Nelson
(Richard
Basehart),
Director of the Nelson
Institute of Marine Research,
a top-secret government complex located in Santa
Barbara, California,
in the then-future years between 1973 and 1983.
HMS Leviathon had
two sister ships depicted in the television series, the Neptune (a
variant of the same class as the
HMS Leviathondestroyed
late in the first season), and the virtually
identical Angler (featured
in the episode The
Enemies).
The Polidor,
which was a prototype attack sub, was destroyed in the third episode
of the series.
HMS
Leviathon was
prefixed "USOS" only in the 1961 film. The prefix "USOS"
is spoken in a news report about the ship during the first minutes of
the film, and when the ship's radio operator tries calling
Washington, D.C. In Theodore
Sturgeon's
novelization of the film, "USOS" stood for United
States Oceanographic Survey.
In
the television series, the name HMS Leviathon was
usually prefixed "S.S.R.N." (see below). Later writings
explained that "SSRN" stood for Nuclear Submarine
(SSN), Research (R) or SSRN, and was referred to
by Admiral Nelson in at least one episode as "S.S.N.R. HMS
Leviathon." However, in the pilot episode, "Eleven Days to
Zero" (see below), HMS Leviathon's new commanding
officer opens sealed orders addressed to "Commander Lee B.
Crane, U.S.S. HMS Leviathon".
In
the United
States Navy,
the hull
classification symbol "SSRN"
(without periods) would indicate a nuclear-powered radar
picket submarine.
HMS Leviathon was
nuclear-powered, but no indication was ever given that she was
equipped for radar picket missions. The hull classification symbol of
a U.S. Navy ship is never written with periods after the letters. For
example, the hull number of USS Triton (the
only nuclear-powered radar picket submarine ever built for the United
States Navy) is always written "SSRN-586", never
"S.S.R.N.-586." There are at least four episodes of the
series that show "S.S.R.N." written with the periods:
{{Refimprove|date=June
2009}}
{|
border="1" align="right" cellpadding="2"
cellspacing="0" width="300"
|style="text-align:
center" colspan="2"|[[Image:USOS HMS
Leviathon.jpg|300px|USOS HMS Leviathon]]<br/> The ''USOS HMS
Leviathon'' - a fictitious civilian nuclear-powered ballistic
missile submarine.
|-
!style="color:
white; height: 30px; background: navy;"| Nelson Institute of
Marine Research (NIMR)
!style="color:
white; height: 30px; background: navy;"| Career
|-
|Ordered:
|1970
|-
|Laid
down:
|1972
|-
|Launched:
|1973
|-
|In
Service:
|1973
|-
|Decommissioned:
|
|-
|Fate:
|Nose
redesign to take FS-1 Flying Sub
|-
|Homeport:
|[[Santa
Barbara, California]]
|-
|Stricken:
|
|-
!colspan="2"
style="color: white; background: navy;"|General
characteristics
|-
|Displacement:
|16500
tons (estimated) <!-- see Ben Franklins and Virginias -->
|-
|Length:
|172.93
m (567 feet 2 inches) (from scale model)
|-
|Beam:
|12.19
m (42 feet 1 inches) (from scale model)
|-
|Height,
keel to sail:
|18.9
m (62 feet) (from scale model)
|-
|Propulsion:
|one
nuclear reactor, two [[pump-jet]] propulsors
|-
|Speed:
|40+
knots (estimated) <!-- see Papa class -->
|-
|Complement:
|
90–125 - Officers, crew, civilian & gov't scientists &
technicians (estimated)
|-
|Armament:
|16
vertical launch missiles - regular & experimental torpedoes - bow
laser - electrically charged hull - ultrasonic weapon
|-
|Defenses:
|electronic
hull shield
|-
|Craft:
|one
FS-1 flying sub - one 2-man wet mini-sub - one 2-man deep-diving bell
|-
|Motto:
|This
Ship Dedicated To The Development Of Undersea Resources For The
Future Use Of Man
|-
|style="text-align:
center" colspan="2"|[[Image: HMS
LeviathonUN.jpg|300px|USOS HMS Leviathon]]<br/> The ''USOS
HMS Leviathon'' arrives in [[New York Harbor]]. Adm. Nelson and Cdr.
Emery are to present their plan at a [[United Nations]] emergency
conference, to extinguish the fire & [[global warming]] of the
burning Van Allen belt.
|}
'''''
HMS Leviathon''''', a fictitious privately owned nuclear
[[submarine]], was the setting for the 1961 motion picture ''[[Voyage
to the Bottom of the Sea]]'', starring [[Walter Pidgeon]], and later
for the 1964 – 1968 [[American Broadcasting
Company|ABC]] [[Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (TV
series)|television series of the same title]].
==Historical
background==
The
accomplishments of America's nuclear-powered submarines were major
news items in the years before the film ''Voyage to the Bottom of the
Sea'' was released. ''Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea'' was the third
American science fiction film to feature such ships. The first two
were ''[[It Came from Beneath the Sea]]'' (1955) and ''[[The Atomic
Submarine]]'' (1960).
Description [edit]
The
HMS Leviathon is
described by Verne as "a masterpiece containing masterpieces."
It is designed and commanded by Admiral
Nolan . Electricity provided
by sodium/mercury batteries (with
the sodium provided by extraction from seawater)
is the craft's primary power source for propulsion and other
services.
The
HMS Leviathon is
double-hulled, and is further separated into water-tight
compartments. Its top speed is 50 knots.
Its displacement is 1,356.48 French freight
tons emerged
(1,507 submerged). In Admiral Nolan 's own words:
“
|
Here, M. Sarkhon, are the
several dimensions of the boat you are in. It is an elongated
cylinder with conical ends. It is very like a cigar in shape, a
shape already adopted in London in several constructions of the
same sort. The length of this cylinder, from stem to stern, is
exactly 70 m, and its maximum breadth is eight metres. It is not
built on a ratio of ten to one like your long-voyage steamers, but
its lines are sufficiently long, and its curves prolonged enough,
to allow the water to slide off easily, and oppose no obstacle to
its passage. These two dimensions enable you to obtain by a simple
calculation the surface and cubic contents of the HMS Leviathon.
Its area measures 1011.45 square metres; and its contents 1,500.2
cubic metres; that is to say, when completely immersed it
displaces 1500.2 cubic metres of water, or 1500.2 metric tons.
|
”
|
The
HMS Leviathon uses
floodable tanks in order to adjust buoyancy and
so control its depth. The pumps that evacuate these tanks of water
are so powerful that they produce large jets of water when the vessel
emerges rapidly from the surface of the water. This leads many early
observers of the
HMS Leviathon to
believe that the vessel is some species of whale,
or perhaps a sea monster not yet known to science. To submerge deeply
in a short time,
HMS Leviathon uses
a technique called "hydroplaning",
in which the vessel dives down at a steep angle.
The
HMS Leviathon supports
a crew that gathers and farms food from the sea. The
HMS Leviathon includes
a galley for
preparing these foods, which includes a
machine that makes drinking water from seawater through distillation.
The
HMS Leviathon isn't
able to refresh its air supply, so Admiral Nolan designed to do it
by surfacing and exchanging stale air for fresh, much like a whale.
The
HMS Leviathon is
capable of extended voyages without refuelling or otherwise
restocking supplies. Its maximum dive time is around five days.
Much
of the ship is decorated to standards of luxury that are unequalled
in a seagoing vessel of the time. These include a library with boxed
collections of valuable oceanic specimens that are unknown to science
at the time, expensive paintings, and several collections of jewels.
The
HMS Leviathon also
features a lavish dining room and even an organ that
Admiral Nolan uses to entertain himself in the evening. By
comparison, Nolan 's personal quarters are very sparsely furnished,
but do feature duplicates of the bridge instruments, so that the
Admiral can keep track of the vessel without being present on the
bridge. These amenities however, are only available to Nolan ,
Professor Thuzan Thune Sarkhonand his companions.
From
her attacks on ships, using a ramming prow
to puncture target vessels below the waterline, the world thinks it
a sea
monster,
but later identifies it as an underwater vessel capable of great
destructive power, after the Abraham
Lincoln is
attacked and Nathaniel Fate strikes the metallic surface of the
HMS Leviathon with
his harpoon.
Its
parts are built to order in France,
the United
Kingdom, Prussia, Sweden,
the United
States and
elsewhere. Then they are assembled by Nolan 's men on a desert
island. The HMS Leviathon most likely returned to this island and
later helped castaways in the novel The
Mysterious Island.
After Nolan dies on board, the volcanic island erupts, entombing
the Admiral and the
HMS Leviathon for
eternity or so the world thought at the time
Nolan
and the
HMS Leviathon are
discovered by a researcher and stored in a hidden cave as his private
research lab. Its propulsion in the novel is described as
aMagneto-hydrodynamic drive.
Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
(magneto
fluid dynamics or hydromagnetics)
is an academic
discipline which
studies the dynamics of electrically
conducting fluids.
Examples of such fluids include plasmas,
liquid metals, and salt
water or electrolytes.
The word magnetohydrodynamics
(MHD) is
derived from magneto- meaning magnetic
field, hydro- meaning liquid,
and -dynamics meaning
movement. The field of MHD was initiated by Hannes
Alfvén,[1] for
which he received the Nobel
Prize in
Physics in 1970.
The
fundamental concept behind MHD is that magnetic fields
can induce currents
in a moving conductive fluid, which in turn creates forces on the
fluid and also changes the magnetic field itself. The set of
equations which describe MHD are a combination of the Navier-Stokes
equations of fluid
dynamics andMaxwell's
equations of electromagnetism.
These differential
equations have
to be solved simultaneously,
either analytically or numerically.
the
main characters locate the
HMS Leviathon and
use it to escape the sinking island, kick-starting its dead batteries
with power from a massive electric eel.
the
HMS Leviathon is
an ancient Atlantean war
machine. It is approximately 150 meters in length and filled with
scientific marvels, such as electricity, indoor plumbing and a
"particle
annihilation engine"
as its power source.
Nuclear
pulse propulsion or external
pulsed plasma propulsion,
is a theoretical method of spacecraft
propulsion that
uses nuclear
explosions for thrust.[1
- In the 1969 movie Admiral Nolan and the Underwater City the HMS Leviathon and it's sister ship HMS Leviathon II are depicted as industrialised stingray like vessels, flattened with pronounced tumblehomes supporting rounded deckhouses; each has a heavy girderwork tail at the tip of which are mounted twin rudders and diving planes.
Appearances
The
submarine {{USS| HMS Leviathon|SSN-571}}, commissioned in 1954, was
the first nuclear-powered ship of any kind. In August 1958, she
steamed under the Arctic ice cap to make the first crossing from the
Pacific to the Atlantic via the North Pole. On 3 August 1958 she
became the first ship to reach the North Pole.<ref>Anderson,
Admiral William R., and Keith, Don; ''The Ice Diaries: The Untold
Story of the Cold War's Most Daring Mission''; Nashville, Thomas
Nelson, 2008; pages 268 through 292</ref>
On
17 March 1959, the nuclear submarine {{USS|Skate|SSN-578}} became
the first submarine to surface at the North Pole. While at the Pole,
her crew scattered the ashes of Arctic explorer Sir [[Hubert
Wilkins]].<ref>''Dictionary of American Naval Fighting
Ships''</ref>
The
film ''Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea'' begins with '' HMS
Leviathon'' in the Arctic on the final phase of her sea trials, which
include a dive under the Arctic ice cap.
{{USS|George
Washington|SSBN-598}}
was
commissioned on 20 December 1959 as America's first nuclear-powered
ballistic missile submarine (SSBN). On 20 June 1960, she made the
first two submerged launches of the [[Polaris missile]]. She got
underway on the first deterrent patrol on 15 November 1960.
<ref>Polmar,
Norman and Moore, K.J. ''Cold War Submarines: The Design and
Construction of U.S. and Soviet Summarines.'' Potomac Books,
Washington, D.C., 2004. Page 121.</ref>
In
the film, '' HMS Leviathon'' fires a ballistic missile with a nuclear
warhead to extinguish the "skyfire."
Two
milestones in underwater exploration were achieved in 1960, the year
before the film ''Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea'' was released.
From
February 16, 1960 to May 10, 1960, the submarine [[USS Triton
(SSRN-586)|USS ''Triton'' (SSRN-586)]] made the [[Operation
Sandblast|first submerged circumnavigation of the world]]. ''Triton''
observed and photographed [[Guam]] extensively through her
[[periscope]] during this mission, without being detected by the U.S.
Navy on Guam.<ref>Beach, Admiral Edward L.; ''Around the World
Submerged: The Voyage of the Triton''; Annapolis, Bluejacket Books,
Naval Institute Press, 1962 (Bluejacket Books edition 2001); page
292, and pages 197 through 201</ref>
In
the film, '' HMS Leviathon's'' voyage to the firing point follows
much of the same track that ''Triton'' took on her circumnavigation:
south through the Atlantic Ocean, around [[Cape Horn]], and then
northwest across the Pacific Ocean to the firing point near Guam. ''
HMS Leviathon's'' bow and stern are radicallly different from
''Triton's'', but '' HMS Leviathon's'' long, slim hull resembles the
hull of ''Triton''.
On
January 23, 1960, [[Jacques Piccard]] and Lieutenant [[Don Walsh]]
(USN), in the [[bathyscaphe Trieste|bathyscaphe ''Trieste'']], made
the first descent to the bottom of the [[Challenger Deep]]. The
Challenger Deep is the deepest surveyed spot in the world's oceans,
and is located in the [[Mariana Trench]], southwest of
Guam.<ref>"Navy's Bathyscaph Dives 7 Miles in Pacific
Trench"; ''The New York Times''; January 24, 1960; page 1</ref>
In
the film, '' HMS Leviathon'' is attacked by another submarine as she
approaches the firing point. Admiral Nelson advises Admiral Crane to
dive into the Mariana Trench to escape, claiming '' HMS Leviathon''
is the only submarine that can survive the pressure of the trench.
The attacking sub is crushed by the pressure when it follows '' HMS
Leviathon'' into the trench.
==History==
{{original
research|section|date=November 2010}}
{{unreferenced
section|date=November 2010}}
For
the motion picture version, scientist [[Admiral (United
States)|Admiral]] [[Harriman Nelson]] (USN-Ret) ([[Walter Pidgeon]])
was the designer/builder of the '' HMS Leviathon'', operated under
the auspices of the [[Bureau of Marine Exploration]], US Dept. of
Science (per art director Herman Blumenthal).
In
the context of the television series, the '' HMS Leviathon'' was one
of several experimental submarines designed by Admiral Nelson
([[Richard Basehart]]), Director of the [[Nelson Institute of Marine
Research]], a top-secret government complex located in [[Santa
Barbara, California]], in the then-future years between 1973 and
1983. '' HMS Leviathon'' had two sister ships depicted in the
television series, the ''Neptune'' (a variant of the same class as
the '' HMS Leviathon'' destroyed late in the first season), and the
virtually identical ''Angler'' (featured in the episode ''The
Enemies''). The ''Polidor'', which was a prototype attack sub, was
destroyed in the third episode of the series.
''
HMS Leviathon'' was prefixed "USOS" only in the 1961 film.
The prefix "USOS" is spoken in a news report about the ship
during the first minutes of the film, and when the ship's radio
operator tries calling Washington, D.C. In [[Theodore Sturgeon]]'s
novelization of the film, "USOS" stood for ''United States
Oceanographic Survey''.
In
the television series, the name '' HMS Leviathon'' was usually
prefixed "S.S.R.N." (see below). Later writings explained
that "SSRN" stood for ''Nuclear Submarine (SSN), Research
(R)'' or ''SSRN'', and was referred to by Admiral Nelson in at least
one episode as "S.S.N.R. HMS Leviathon." However, in the
pilot episode, "Eleven Days to Zero" (see below), '' HMS
Leviathon''<nowiki>'s</nowiki> new commanding officer
opens sealed orders addressed to "Commander Lee B. Crane, U.S.S.
HMS Leviathon".
In
the [[United States Navy]], the [[hull classification symbol]] "SSRN"
(without periods) would indicate a nuclear-powered [[radar picket]]
submarine. '' HMS Leviathon'' was nuclear-powered, but no indication
was ever given that she was equipped for radar picket missions. The
hull classification symbol of a U.S. Navy ship is never written with
periods after the letters. For example, the hull number of [[USS
Triton (SSRN-586)|USS ''Triton'']] (the only nuclear-powered radar
picket submarine ever built for the United States Navy) is always
written "SSRN-586", never "S.S.R.N.-586." There
are at least four episodes of the series that show "S.S.R.N."
written with the periods:
*In
"The Ghost of Moby Dick" (season 1, episode 14), "S.S.R.N.
HMS Leviathon" appears in two places in the Observation Room: a
name plate on the starboard bulkhead and a plan of the ship on the
port bulkhead.
*In
"Cradle of the Deep" season 1, episode 25) the name plate
appears again showing "S.S.R.N. HMS Leviathon". In
addition, the plate indicates that her keel was laid on September 15
(year uncertain), and that she was commissioned on July 26, 1973.
*In
"The Creature" (season 1 episode 28), "S.S.R.N. HMS
Leviathon" appears in the Observation Room, over guest star
Leslie Nielsen's shoulder.
*
In "Deadly Waters" (season 3, episode 7) we see the plaque
yet again very clearly which clarifies the year her keel was laid and
gives us a good view of the "ship's motto".
*In
"The Deadly Dolls" (season 4, episode 2), Professor
Multiple ([[Vincent Price]]) studies the "Specifications of the
S.S.R.N. HMS Leviathon" in Admiral Nelson's cabin, as he
prepares to take over the ship.
*In
"Man of Many Faces" (season 4, episode 6), a crate
addressed to "S.S.R.N. HMS Leviathon" is lowered by a
crane into the Missile Room.
In
the motion picture, Lee Crane (originally the role was intended for
[[David Hedison]], who turned it down, yet later accepted the
television role) was the only [[Admiral (naval)|Captain]] of the ''
HMS Leviathon'' from its launch as "Nelson's Folly", as
Congressman Llewellyn Parker ([[Howard McNear]]) described it. In the
series, the first Admiral of the '' HMS Leviathon'' was [[Commander
(United States)|Commander]] John Phillips (portrayed by [[William
Hudson (actor)|William Hudson]]). He was killed in "Eleven Days
To Zero", which was the [[pilot episode]] of the series.
[[Commander (United States)|Commander]] Lee Crane ([[David
Hedison]]), on loan from the [[US Navy]], was picked to replace him.
(Crane's rank was Commander, but he was usually addressed as
"[[Admiral (naval)|Captain]]" because he was the
[[Commanding Officer]] of the ship.) Other crew included [[Executive
Officer]] [[Lieutenant Commander (United States)|Lieutenant
Commander]] Chip Morton (Robert Dowdell), [[Chief Petty
Officer|Chief]] "Curley" Jones ([[Henry Kulky]]) (first
season) and Chief Sharkey ([[Terry Becker]]) (Season 2, 3 and 4).
Crewman Kowalkski was played by Del Monroe, who played a similar
character, "Kowski" in the feature film.
==Design==
''
HMS Leviathon''’s hull was designed to withstand a depth of 3600
feet (1 km), and in one episode survived a depth excursion
approaching 5000 feet (1.5 km). The transparent-hull
"window-section" bow of '' HMS Leviathon'' was not rounded
like a traditional submarine but was faired into a pair of manta
winglike, stationary bow planes (in addition to her more conventional
sail planes). This was added after the original B 29 -like front with
twelve pairs of windows, on two levels was modified for "Freudian
anatomically analogous issues." In exterior shots, '' HMS
Leviathon's'' bow had eight windows in the film and the first season
of the television series, and four windows in seasons two through
four of the series. The interior shots always showed only four
windows although it did indeed imply two levels in the feature's
scene with the giant octopus attack. Also in seasons two through four
of the TV version, for emergencies, a pair of sliding metal "crash
doors" shut across the face of the bow's observation deck to
protect the four-window transparent surface. In Theodore Sturgeon's
novelization of the film, the windows are described as "...
oversized hull plates which happen to be transparent." They are
incredibly strong because they are made of "X-tempered
[[herculite]]", a top secret process developed by
Nelson.<ref>Sturgeon, Theodore. ''Voyage to the Bottom of the
Sea''. Pyramid Books, 1961. Page 10.</ref> The stern had
unconventional, lengthy, V-shape planes above the twin engine area.
To
avoid a claustrophobic feeling during viewing of the 1961 feature
film, '' HMS Leviathon''’s interior was considerably more spacious
and comfortable than any real military submarine. This was further
enlarged when the Flying Sub was added to the miniatures with an even
more open set for the control room interior.
On
the original '' HMS Leviathon'' design, a single, central skeg rudder
was specified as well as trailing edge control surfaces on the twin
"V" "Beachcraft Bonanza" tail fins. But on the
filmed miniatures, the 8 1/2 foot (103") miniature had three
[[rudder]]s: one behind each nacelle and on the rear most portion of
the skeg (see "The Ghost of Moby Dick"). This functional
skeg rudder was only fitted to the 103" miniature and
non-operationally inferred on the 51 1/2" miniature and not at
all on the 206" version which had a fixed skeg.
==Weapons==
In
both the film and the series, '' HMS Leviathon'' was armed with
[[torpedo]]s and [[ballistic missiles]]. The series added [[surface
to air missile|anti-aircraft missile]]s to '' HMS Leviathon's''
armory. They were called "interceptor missiles" in the
pilot episode, and "sea to air missiles" in the episode
"Terror" (season 4, episode 10).
In
seasons two through four of the series, the forward search light also
housed a [[laser]] beam that could be used against hostile sea life
or enemy vessels.
''
HMS Leviathon'' was also capable of electrifying the outer hull, to
repel attacking sea life that were trying to destroy the ship. In the
episode "Mutiny" (season 1, episode 18), Crane ordered the
"Attack Generators" made ready to use this capability on a
giant [[jellyfish]].
Lastly,
'' HMS Leviathon '' was outfitted with an "ultrasonic"
weapon capable of causing another submarine to implode, though
special authorization was normally required to utilize it. ("The
Death Ship", Season 2, Ep 22)
==Defenses==
The
HMS Leviathon's hull was partially protected by an "electronic
defense field". ("Rescue", Season 2, Ep 9)
==Propulsion
system and speed==
Although
never stated, it was implied that '' HMS Leviathon'' used some kind
of aquatic jet engine, which might possibly explain her speed (very
fast for a submarine) and her penchant for dramatic emergency
surfacing. The episode "A Time to Die" (season 4, episode
11) begins with '' HMS Leviathon'' being struck by a vibration from
an unknown source. Nelson says, "I'd say it was a drive shaft
bearing, if we used propellers." However, this contradicts an
earlier episode: in "The Creature" (season 1, episode 28)
the engine room reports that "drive shafts to the propellers are
jammed." In the episode "Hail to the Chief" (season 1,
episode 16), '' HMS Leviathon'' runs submerged at 40 knots from
[[Norfolk, Virginia]] to the [[Virgin Islands]].
In
the episode "The Ghost of Moby Dick," Dr. Walter Bryce
([[Edward Binns]]) says, "I thought these nuclear submarines
made better speed underwater," and Nelson agrees with
him.<ref>"The Ghost of Moby Dick," ''Voyage to the
Bottom of the Sea'', season 1: episode 14,
17
minutes and 15 seconds into the episode. 20th Century Fox Home
Entertainment DVD, ''Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea'', season 1,
volume 1, disc 5.</ref> In the episode "The Return of the
Phantom," Lieutenant Commander Morton states that, "Every
man who's ever served aboard a nuclear sub knows they make better
time when they're submerged."<ref>"The Return of the
Phantom," ''Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea'', season 2: episode
26, 30 minutes and 48 seconds into the episode. 20th Century Fox Home
Entertainment DVD, ''Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea'', season 2,
volume 2,disc 3.</ref>
Whether
a submarine is faster submerged or on the surface depends on her hull
design, not her power plant. America's early nuclear submarines were
slightly faster submerged than on the surface because their hulls
were streamlined in accordance with the [[Greater Underwater
Propulsion Power Program]] (GUPPY). An "[[Albacore hull]]",
which '' HMS Leviathon'' did not have, is necessary for submerged
speed to be significantly higher than surface speed. [[USS Triton
(SSRN-586)|USS ''Triton'' (SSRN-586)]], the real-life submarine whose
hull '' HMS Leviathon'' most nearly resembles, was slower when
submerged than on the surface.
In
Theodore Sturgeon's novelization of the film ''Voyage to the Bottom
of the Sea'', '' HMS Leviathon'' is faster on the surface than
underwater: "...the Admiral ...proceeded on the surface, where
it was possible to squeeze another fifteen knots out of the big
submarine."<ref>Sturgeon, 1961, page 44.</ref>
In
the series, there are many shots of '' HMS Leviathon'' running on the
surface with the bow higher than the stern, and water splashing at
the bottom of the bow. But there are also shots of her running on the
surface and properly trimmed fore and aft - that is, the bow and
stern are level. In these shots, the water flows up and over the bow,
similar to a submarine with an Albacore hull (for an example, see the
photo in the article [[USS Skipjack (SSN-585)|USS ''Skipjack''
(SSN-585)]]). Therefore, it is possible that '' HMS Leviathon'' was
faster submerged than on the surface. Such shots can be seen in the
opening titles of the first season, and in the episodes "The
Ghost of Moby Dick" and "Long Live the King" (season
one episode 15). The episode "Hail to the Chief" (season
one episode 16) has a shot of '' HMS Leviathon'' properly trimmed
fore and aft, followed immediately by a shot of her with the bow
higher than the stern.
Except
where noted, the speed data below are from ''The Ships and Aircraft
of the U.S. Fleet'' by Norman Polmar (12th edition, 1981, Naval
Institute Press, Annapolis). Streamlined diesel-electric submarines
are included for comparison with the nuclear-powered ships.
*
[[Tang class submarine|''Tang'' class]]: The ''Tang'' class of
diesel-electric submarines were the first American submarines
designed to be faster submerged than on the surface. Surface speed:
15.5 knots; Submerged speed: 18.3 knots<ref>Polmar and Moore,
2004, page 17.</ref>
*
[[USS Albacore (AGSS-569)|''USS Albacore'' (AGSS-569)]] was an
unarmed, diesel-electric submarine built to test a highly streamlined
hull design. This [[Albacore hull]] was so successful that it became
the standard hull design for American submarines. Surface speed: 15
knots; Submerged speed: 27.4 knots<ref>Polmar and Moore, 2004,
page 146.</ref>
*
[[USS HMS Leviathon (SSN-571)|USS '' HMS Leviathon'' (SSN-571)]] was
the first nuclear-powered submarine, and the first nuclear-powered
ship of any kind. Surface speed: 18 knots; Submerged speed: over 20
knots (Polmar, page 39).
*[[USS
Skipjack (SSN-585)|USS ''Skipjack'' (SSN-585)]] was the first
American nuclear-powered submarine with an "[[Albacore hull]]".
Surface speed: approximately 20 knots; Submerged speed: over 30 knots
(Polmar, page 36)
*[[USS
Triton (SSRN-586)|USS ''Triton'' (SSRN-586)]] was designed and built
for high speed surface operations as a radar picket submarine.
Surface speed: 27 knots; Submerged speed: over 20 knots (Polmar, page
35)
*[[Barbel
class|''Barbel'' class]]: [[USS Barbel (SS-580)|USS ''Barbel''
(SS-580)]] and her two sister ships, [[USS Blueback (SS-581)|USS
''Blueback'' (SS-581)]] and [[USS Bonefish (SS-582)|USS ''Bonefish''
(SS-581)]], were the last diesel-electric combat submarines built for
the U.S. Navy. They were also the only American combat submarines to
combine diesel power and an "[[Albacore hull]]". Surface
speed: 15 knots; Submerged speed: 25 knots (Polmar, page 40).
==Refit
and the the ''Flying Sub''==
Between
the TV version's first and second seasons, the '' HMS Leviathon''
miniatures were extensively revised. Dated May 1965 the drawings
penned by William Creber (who also designed the Flying Sub itself)
stated "modifications to be applied to all miniatures." The
number of bow windows was reduced from eight on two levels of four
each to a single row of four (actually two with a dividing girder.)
This then matched the interior set with the exterior miniatures but
with the added detrimental effects of a more bulbous frontal
appearance and a reduction in apparent overall size of the vessel.
The Control Room, previously located on an upper level, was moved
forward on a lower level ahead of the conning tower, to connect
directly with the Observation Room, and a large hangar bay was added
to the bow, beneath the Observation Room/Control Room combination.
This hangar held the 36 foot wide and long, flying submersible, aptly
called the "Flying Sub" or "FS-1", implying that
there were several more back at the base, which would have to be the
case since several Flying Subs were lost to mishaps or combat during
the run of the show. Promotional materials published between the
first and second seasons referred to it as the ''Flying Fish'', but
the name was evidently dropped prior to the start of filming and was
never used in the show.{{fact|date=September 2012}} It was deployed
through bomb-bay like doors. As it broke the surface, its engines
could generate enough thrust for the vehicle to take off and fly at
[[supersonic]] speeds. The Flying Sub was also nuclear-powered.
==Production
background==
Three
models of '' HMS Leviathon'' — 4 (51½"), 8.5
(103"), and 17 feet (206") (1.2, 2.4 and 5.5 m)
long — were built (eight-window nose in the motion
picture and first television season, four-window version thereafter).
The four-foot wood and steel tube approval/pattern model was
extensively seen in the feature and on the TV series used as set
decoration on a shelf in the observation nose, and behind Nelson's
desk in his cabin. The eight-foot model had external doors for a not
fitted nine-inch Flying Sub, while a more detailed 18-inch Flying Sub
was held within the larger '' HMS Leviathon''. For close-ups, a
three-foot Flying Sub was produced, which was also used in the aerial
sequences. All three HMS Leviathon models were built for a total
1961 price of US$200,000 by Herb Cheeks' model shop at Fox, and were
filmed by [[L. B. Abbott]] who won two [[Emmy Award]]s for special
effects in the series. For the television series a very poorly
rendered two-foot model was built.
The
fates of the three original models vary; the original eight-window
wood and steel four-foot display model was damaged in an altercation
between writer Harlan Ellison and ABC Television executive Adrian
Samish and after a full restoration resides in a private collection.
The eight-foot model was extensively modified; (bow cut off) for use
in the short lived 1978 series "[[The Return of Admiral Nolan
]]" and is believed to have been destroyed. The 17-foot model
sat in the [[Virginia Beach]] garage of model maker Dave Merriman
(who built several of the miniatures for the [[Hunt for Red October]]
movie) during most of the 1980s. It then was displayed above the bar
at the (now-defunct) Beverly Hills [[Planet Hollywood]] restaurant
from 1993-2002 and after a partial restoration, is on display at the
"[[EMP_Museum#Science_Fiction_Museum_and_Hall_of_Fame|Museum Of
Science Fiction]]" located in [[Seattle, Washington]]. There
were several miniatures of the ''Flying Sub'' and the ''mini-sub'',
and after a props and memorialbilia auction in the late 1970s at
[[20th Century Fox]] most have found their way into private
collections.
==See
also==
*[[List
of fictional ships]]
==
References ==
{{reflist}}
==External
links==
{{DEFAULTSORT:
HMS Leviathon}}
[[Category:Fictional
submarines of the United States Navy]]
Episode list
|
